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Bukit Timah Nature Reserve protects 163 hectares of primary tropical rainforest around Singapore's highest point (163 m above sea level). Established in 1883, it is one of only two surviving patches of primary dipterocarp forest on the island, containing more tree species per hectare than the entire North American continent.
The reserve was set aside by Nathaniel Wallich in 1883, making it one of Southeast Asia's oldest protected forests. During the Battle of Singapore (1942), fierce fighting took place on Bukit Timah Hill, and the Ford Factory at its foot was the site of the British surrender.