Taj Mahal

Overview

The Taj Mahal is a 17th-century ivory-white marble mausoleum on the right bank of the Yamuna River, commissioned by Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his wife Mumtaz Mahal. Completed around 1653, it is widely regarded as the finest example of Mughal architecture and a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1983. It draws seven to eight million visitors annually.

Highlights

• Main Mausoleum: The 73-metre-high central dome and four flanking minarets in luminous Makrana marble.
• Pietra Dura Inlay: Intricate semi-precious stone inlays featuring jasper, jade, turquoise, lapis lazuli, and carnelian.
• Charbagh Garden: A symmetrical Persian-style garden divided into four quadrants by water channels reflecting the tomb.

History

Construction began in 1632 under the direction of architect Ustad Ahmad Lahauri and involved over 20,000 artisans. The complex includes a mosque, guest house, and formal gardens enclosed by crenellated walls. Shah Jahan was later imprisoned in Agra Fort, from where he could see the Taj Mahal until his death in 1666.

Visitor Tips

• Best Time: Arrive at sunrise (gates open at 06:00) for the softest light and smallest crowds.
• Photography: Tripods are not allowed; the classic reflection shot is from the main gateway.
• Duration: 2–3 hours to explore the full complex including the museum.